Discovering contextual* links by counting top inlinked URLs

*contextual: links within content, and not part of navigation, header, footer, etc

Code and data: https://github.com/eliasdabbas/crawlytics_demo

Code

import advertools as adv
import adviz
import pandas as pd
import plotly.express as px
import networkx as nx
from IPython.display import display_markdown
pd.options.display.max_columns = None
from dash_bootstrap_templates import load_figure_template
load_figure_template('all')
def md(text):
    return display_markdown(f'{text}', raw=True)

adv.crawl(
    url_list='https://www.nasa.gov/',
    output_file='nasa_crawl.jl',
    follow_links=True,
    custom_settings={
        'CLOSESPIDER_PAGECOUNT': 1000,
        'LOG_FILE': 'nasa_crawl.log',
        'JOBDIR': 'nasa_crawl',
        'AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED': True,
        'AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY': 6
    })

# convert from .jl to .parquet:
adv.crawlytics.jl_to_parquet('nasa_crawl.jl', 'nasa_crawl.parquet')

Code

crawldf = pd.read_parquet('nasa_crawl.parquet')
crawldf.head(3)

	url	title	meta_desc	viewport	charset	h2	h3	canonical	alt_href	og:locale	og:type	og:title	og:description	og:url	og:site_name	og:updated_time	og:image	og:image:secure_url	og:image:width	og:image:height	og:image:alt	og:image:type	og:video	og:video_1	og:video_2	og:video_3	og:video_4	og:video_5	og:video_6	og:video_7	og:video_8	og:video_9	og:video_10	og:video_11	og:video_12	og:video_13	og:video_14	og:video_15	og:video_16	og:video_17	og:video_18	og:video_19	og:video_20	og:video_21	og:video_22	og:video_23	twitter:card	twitter:title	twitter:description	twitter:image	jsonld_@context	jsonld_@graph	body_text	size	download_timeout	download_slot	download_latency	depth	status	links_url	links_text	links_nofollow	nav_links_url	nav_links_text	nav_links_nofollow	header_links_url	header_links_text	header_links_nofollow	footer_links_url	footer_links_text	footer_links_nofollow	img_fetchpriority	img_width	img_height	img_alt	img_src	img_srcset	img_decoding	img_sizes	img_loading	ip_address	crawl_time	resp_headers_Content-Length	resp_headers_Server	resp_headers_Date	resp_headers_Content-Type	resp_headers_Host-Header	resp_headers_X-Launch-Status	resp_headers_Link	resp_headers_X-Rq	resp_headers_Cache-Control	resp_headers_Age	resp_headers_X-Cache	resp_headers_Vary	resp_headers_Accept-Ranges	resp_headers_Strict-Transport-Security	request_headers_Accept	request_headers_Accept-Language	request_headers_User-Agent	request_headers_Accept-Encoding	h1	h4	request_headers_Referer	twitter:label1	twitter:data1	twitter:label2	twitter:data2	redirect_times	redirect_ttl	redirect_urls	redirect_reasons	resp_headers_Last-Modified	resp_headers_Etag	resp_headers_Access-Control-Allow-Origin	resp_headers_Access-Control-Allow-Methods	resp_headers_Content-Disposition	twitter:image:alt	twitter:image:width	twitter:image:height	resp_headers_X-Powered-By	h5	jsonld_@type	jsonld_headline	jsonld_url	jsonld_thumbnailUrl	jsonld_articleSection	jsonld_author	jsonld_creator	jsonld_keywords	jsonld_dateCreated	jsonld_datePublished	jsonld_dateModified	jsonld_mainEntityOfPage.@type	jsonld_mainEntityOfPage.@id	jsonld_image.@type	jsonld_image.url	jsonld_publisher.@type	jsonld_publisher.name	jsonld_publisher.logo	resp_headers_X-Hacker	img_align	resp_headers_X-Content-Type-Options	resp_headers_X-Xss-Protection	resp_headers_Content-Security-Policy	resp_headers_Set-Cookie	resp_headers_Expires	resp_headers_X-Frame-Options	resp_headers_Server-Timing	resp_headers_Timing-Allow-Origin	request_headers_Cookie	resp_headers_X-Amz-Id-2	resp_headers_X-Amz-Request-Id	resp_headers_X-Amz-Replication-Status	resp_headers_X-Amz-Server-Side-Encryption	resp_headers_X-Amz-Meta-Cb-Modifiedtime	resp_headers_X-Amz-Version-Id	resp_headers_X-Ua-Compatible	resp_headers_Referrer-Policy	resp_headers_Via	resp_headers_X-Amz-Cf-Pop	resp_headers_X-Amz-Cf-Id	h6	img_border	img_hspace	img_vspace	resp_headers_Content-Language	resp_headers_Cf-Cache-Status	resp_headers_Cf-Ray	img_ismap	img_usemap
0	https://www.nasa.gov/	NASA	NASA.gov brings you the latest news, images and videos from America's space agency, pioneering the future in space e...	width=device-width, initial-scale=1	UTF-8	Suggested Searches@@Martians Wanted@@Featured News@@NASA’s SpaceX Crew-8@@Image Of The Day@@Image Of The Day@@Our Ch...	News & Events@@Multimedia@@Featured@@Teams Add Iconic NASA ‘Worm’ Logo to Artemis II Rocket, Spacecraft@@Flame Burns...	https://www.nasa.gov/	https://www.nasa.gov/feed/@@https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/128943@@https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/oembed/1.0...	en_US	website	NASA	NASA.gov brings you the latest news, images and videos from America's space agency, pioneering the future in space e...	https://www.nasa.gov/	NASA	2024-02-17T01:14:00-05:00	https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/174116main_2006_01777_highres.jpg	https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/174116main_2006_01777_highres.jpg	640	512	NASA Meatball paint refresh	image/jpeg	https://www.youtube.com/embed/21X5lGlDOfg	https://www.youtube.com/embed/NpHFB_DYXhY	https://www.youtube.com/embed/_LJHRpDvPCw	https://www.youtube.com/embed/bTQjiMtpMG0	https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/final-nasa-15-sec-horizontal-16-9.mp4	https://www.youtube.com/embed/1fOWosS_f1Y	https://www.youtube.com/embed/31b1yjUBlO0	https://www.youtube.com/embed/MTyzq4ey9RE	https://www.youtube.com/embed/OffTxAiAQfM	https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZbBx4sW68uw	https://www.youtube.com/embed/vUYcQ_ehArw	https://www.youtube.com/embed/YQWespzOtzI	https://www.youtube.com/embed/CRZYw9fEBe4	https://www.youtube.com/embed/IGuHErKAiHs	https://www.youtube.com/embed/R-TOoGTvFL8	https://www.youtube.com/embed/p566jU9pylY	https://www.youtube.com/embed/_tdsia6EZY8	https://www.youtube.com/embed/hW5akI5Rnyg	https://www.youtube.com/embed/WQR_iNjEjlw	https://www.youtube.com/embed/iDAKTLmt2hs	https://www.youtube.com/embed/VwVL0UBVVLA	https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ha4mXufQp6c	https://www.youtube.com/embed/sgp_2OBxKeM	https://www.youtube.com/embed/UyXS2tYggiE	summary_large_image	NASA	NASA.gov brings you the latest news, images and videos from America's space agency, pioneering the future in space e...	https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/174116main_2006_01777_highres.jpg	https://schema.org	[{'@id': 'https://www.nasa.gov/#organization', '@type': 'Organization', 'about': None, 'articleSection': None, 'auth...	\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t Explore \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t N...	299218	180	www.nasa.gov	0.064869	0	200	https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/@@https...	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/@@https://plus.nasa.gov/series/@@https://www.nasa.gov...	\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAll NASA News\n\t\t\t\t\t\t...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/@@https...	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	https://www.nasa.gov/about/@@https://www.nasa.gov/get-involved/@@https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@...	About NASA's Mission@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJoin Us\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t@@Home@@News & Events@@Multimedia@@NASA+@...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	high@@high@@high@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@high@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@...	60@@60@@640@@640@@640@@@@640@@640@@640@@640@@640@@640@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@640@@@@@@@@1920@@1920@@640@@640@@@@@@640@@640@@...	50.58@@50.58@@960@@519@@360@@@@427@@960@@427@@960@@519@@427@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@360@@@@@@@@1280@@1627@@360@@640@@@@@@481@...	NASA Logo@@NASA Logo@@@@A sample of fabric burns inside Spacecraft Fire Experiment-IV (Saffire-IV). The sample is a ...	https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo@2x.png@@https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/n...	https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo.svg@@https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa...	@@@@async@@async@@async@@@@async@@async@@async@@async@@async@@async@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@async@@@@@@@@async@@async@@async@...	@@@@(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px@@(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px@@(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px@@@@(max-width:...	@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@eager@@lazy@@@@@@@@lazy@@lazy@@lazy@@laz...	192.0.66.108	2024-02-19 08:46:43	31913.0	nginx	Mon, 19 Feb 2024 08:46:43 GMT	text/html; charset=UTF-8	a9130478a60e5f9135f765b23f26593b	Go Flight!	<https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/",<https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/128943>; rel="al...	hhn1 85 187 443	max-age=300, must-revalidate	666.0	hit	Accept-Encoding	bytes	max-age=31536000	text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8	en	advertools/0.14.0	gzip, deflate, br	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	NaN	NaN	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None
1	https://www.nasa.gov/?search=SpaceX%20Crew-2	3522 Search Results for "SpaceX Crew-2"	None	width=device-width, initial-scale=1	UTF-8	Suggested Searches@@\n\t\t\t\t3522 results found\t\t\t\t\t	News & Events@@Multimedia@@Featured@@Teams Add Iconic NASA ‘Worm’ Logo to Artemis II Rocket, Spacecraft@@Flame Burns...	None	https://www.nasa.gov/feed/	en_US	website	None	None	None	NASA	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	summary_large_image	None	None	None	https://schema.org	[{'@id': 'https://www.nasa.gov/#organization', '@type': 'Organization', 'about': None, 'articleSection': None, 'auth...	\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t Explore \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t N...	234115	180	www.nasa.gov	1.301717	1	200	https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/@@https...	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/@@https://plus.nasa.gov/series/@@https://www.nasa.gov...	\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAll NASA News\n\t\t\t\t\t\t...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/@@https...	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	https://www.nasa.gov/about/@@https://www.nasa.gov/get-involved/@@https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@...	About NASA's Mission@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJoin Us\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t@@Home@@News & Events@@Multimedia@@NASA+@...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	high@@high@@high@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@...	60@@60@@640@@640@@640@@@@640@@640@@640@@640@@640@@640@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@640@@@@@@@@1920@@1920@@640@@640@@@@@@640@@640@@...	50.58@@50.58@@960@@519@@360@@@@427@@960@@427@@960@@519@@427@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@360@@@@@@@@1280@@1627@@360@@640@@@@@@481@...	NASA Logo@@NASA Logo@@@@A sample of fabric burns inside Spacecraft Fire Experiment-IV (Saffire-IV). The sample is a ...	https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo@2x.png@@https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/n...	https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo.svg@@https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa...	@@@@async@@async@@async@@@@async@@async@@async@@async@@async@@async@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@async@@@@@@@@async@@async@@async@...	@@@@(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px@@(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px@@(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px@@@@(max-width:...	None	192.0.66.108	2024-02-19 08:46:47	NaN	nginx	Mon, 19 Feb 2024 08:46:47 GMT	text/html; charset=UTF-8	a9130478a60e5f9135f765b23f26593b	Go Flight!	<https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"	hhn1 85 187 443	max-age=300, must-revalidate	0.0	miss	Accept-Encoding	bytes	max-age=31536000	text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8	en	advertools/0.14.0	gzip, deflate, br	\n\t\t\t\t\tSearch Results for: SpaceX Crew-2\t\t\t\t	The SpaceX Freedom Dragon crew ship with the Axiom Mission-2 crew - NASA@@NASA's SpaceX Crew-7@@The SpaceX Freedom D...	https://www.nasa.gov/	None	None	None	None	NaN	NaN	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None
2	https://www.nasa.gov/?search=International%20Space%20Station	28773 Search Results for "International Space Station"	None	width=device-width, initial-scale=1	UTF-8	Suggested Searches@@\n\t\t\t\t28773 results found\t\t\t\t\t	News & Events@@Multimedia@@Featured@@Teams Add Iconic NASA ‘Worm’ Logo to Artemis II Rocket, Spacecraft@@Flame Burns...	None	https://www.nasa.gov/feed/	en_US	website	None	None	None	NASA	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	summary_large_image	None	None	None	https://schema.org	[{'@id': 'https://www.nasa.gov/#organization', '@type': 'Organization', 'about': None, 'articleSection': None, 'auth...	\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t Explore \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t N...	233543	180	www.nasa.gov	2.509646	1	200	https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/@@https...	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/@@https://plus.nasa.gov/series/@@https://www.nasa.gov...	\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAll NASA News\n\t\t\t\t\t\t...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/@@https...	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t@@\n\t\t\t\...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	https://www.nasa.gov/about/@@https://www.nasa.gov/get-involved/@@https://www.nasa.gov/@@https://www.nasa.gov/news/@@...	About NASA's Mission@@\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJoin Us\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t@@Home@@News & Events@@Multimedia@@NASA+@...	False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@False@@Fals...	high@@high@@high@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@...	60@@60@@640@@640@@640@@@@640@@640@@640@@640@@640@@640@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@640@@@@@@@@1920@@1920@@640@@640@@@@@@640@@640@@...	50.58@@50.58@@960@@519@@360@@@@427@@960@@427@@960@@519@@427@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@360@@@@@@@@1280@@1627@@360@@640@@@@@@481@...	NASA Logo@@NASA Logo@@@@A sample of fabric burns inside Spacecraft Fire Experiment-IV (Saffire-IV). The sample is a ...	https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo@2x.png@@https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/n...	https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo.svg@@https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa...	@@@@async@@async@@async@@@@async@@async@@async@@async@@async@@async@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@async@@@@@@@@async@@async@@async@...	@@@@(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px@@(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px@@(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px@@@@(max-width:...	None	192.0.66.108	2024-02-19 08:46:47	NaN	nginx	Mon, 19 Feb 2024 08:46:47 GMT	text/html; charset=UTF-8	a9130478a60e5f9135f765b23f26593b	Go Flight!	<https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"	hhn1 85 188 443	max-age=300, must-revalidate	0.0	miss	Accept-Encoding	bytes	max-age=31536000	text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8	en	advertools/0.14.0	gzip, deflate, br	\n\t\t\t\t\tSearch Results for: International Space Station\t\t\t\t	International Space Station - NASA@@20 Years of Observing Earth from the International Space Station - NASA@@SpaceX ...	https://www.nasa.gov/	None	None	None	None	NaN	NaN	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None

Code

md(f'#### Rows: {crawldf.shape[0]:,}. Columns: {crawldf.shape[1]}')

Rows: 9,942. Columns: 170

Get a mapping of all links on the website adv.crawlytics.links

link_df = adv.crawlytics.links(crawldf, internal_url_regex=r'nasa\.gov')
link_df

	url	link	text	nofollow	internal
0	https://www.nasa.gov/	https://www.nasa.gov/	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t	False	True
0	https://www.nasa.gov/	https://www.nasa.gov/	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t	False	True
0	https://www.nasa.gov/	https://www.nasa.gov/news/	\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t	False	True
0	https://www.nasa.gov/	https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/	\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAll NASA News\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t	False	True
0	https://www.nasa.gov/	https://plus.nasa.gov/series/	\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVideo Series on NASA+\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t	False	True
...	...	...	...	...	...
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	http://oig.nasa.gov/	Office of the IG	False	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/budgets-plans-and-reports/	Budget & Annual Reports	False	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/organizations/budget-annual-reports/agency-financial-reports/	Agency Financial Reports	False	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/contact-nasa/	Contact NASA	False	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/accessibility/	Accessibility	False	True

1999297 rows × 5 columns

Incoming links per page

Find the most linked-to pages, exclude them from the table to get the inner links (within article text, product description, etc.)

Code

inlink_counts = link_df['link'].value_counts().reset_index()
inlink_counts

	link	count
0	https://plus.nasa.gov/	40460
1	https://www.nasa.gov/	33633
2	https://www.nasa.gov/about/	32388
3	https://science.nasa.gov/earth/	32346
4	https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/	32278
...	...	...
47854	https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fimage-detail%2Fp-38-integration-191%2F	1
47855	https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fimage-detail%2Fp-38-integration-335%2F	1
47856	https://www.pinterest.com/pin-builder/?description=Aaron&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2...	1
47857	https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=NASA&text=Aaron&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fimage-detail%2Fp-38-integratio...	1
47858	https://www.nasa.gov/media-tags/sfd/	1

47859 rows × 2 columns

Code

import plotly.graph_objects as go
fig = go.Figure()

fig.add_scattergl(
    x=list(range(len(inlink_counts))),
    y=inlink_counts['count'],
    text=inlink_counts['link'],
    hovertemplate="<b>%{text}</b><br><br>Incoming links: %{y:,}",
    marker={'opacity': 0.6, 'size': 8, 'symbol': 'circle-open'},
    name='',
    mode='markers')
fig.layout.xaxis.title = 'URL'
fig.layout.yaxis.title = 'Number of inlinks<br>log scale'
fig.layout.template = 'cosmo'
fig.layout.title = 'Number of incoming links per URL'
fig.layout.height = 600
fig.layout.yaxis.type = 'log'
fig

Cluster pages by inlinks using KMeans clustering

Code

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans

k = 5
kmeans = KMeans(k)
kmeans.fit(inlink_counts[['count']])
sorted(kmeans.cluster_centers_.round(0).flatten())
cluster_df = (inlink_counts
              .groupby(kmeans.labels_)
              ['count']
              .describe()
              .sort_values('mean')
              [['min', 'mean', 'max', 'count']]
              .rename(columns={'mean': 'Avg number of inlinks'})
              .rename_axis('cluster'))

Code

fig = px.bar(
    cluster_df,
    x='Avg number of inlinks',
    y='count',
    log_y=True,
     height=500,
     template='cosmo',
     hover_data=['min', 'max'],
     title=f'<b>Number of Inlinks distribution({k} clusters).</b>', #<br>Points represent the average number of inlinks for a cluster of pages.',
     labels={'mean': 'Average page size (bytes)',
             'count': "Number of pages in cluster<br>log scale"})
fig.data[0].hovertemplate = '<b>Average number of inlinks: %{x:,.0f}</b><br><br>Number of pages in cluster: %{y:,.0f}<br><br>min: %{customdata[0]:,.0f}<br>max: %{customdata[1]:,.0f}<extra></extra>'
fig.layout.font.size = 14
fig.layout.xaxis.tickvals = cluster_df['Avg number of inlinks'].round()
fig.show()

Code

display(cluster_df.style.format('{:,.0f}').background_gradient(cmap='cividis').set_caption(f'<h3>Inink cluster details ({k} clusters)</h4>'))

Inink cluster details (5 clusters)

	min	Avg number of inlinks	max	count
cluster
0	1	2	2,811	47,689
1	8,062	8,104	9,271	131
3	16,128	16,155	16,216	20
2	24,196	24,326	24,611	14
4	32,278	34,221	40,460	5

top_links = inlink_counts[inlink_counts['count'].gt(200)]['link']
contextual_links = link_df[~link_df['link'].isin(top_links)]

Example 1

https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/

Code

contextual_links.loc[9941, :]

	url	link	text	nofollow	internal
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	\n\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t	False	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	\n\t\t\t\t\tMultimedia\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t	False	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight/	Read More	False	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fimage-detail%2Fbracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2%2F	\n\t\t\tFacebook\n\t\t\t	True	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.pinterest.com/pin-builder/?description=Bracing%20for%20Fuel-Efficient%20Flight&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.n...	\n\t\t\tPinterest\n\t\t\t	True	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=NASA&text=Bracing%20for%20Fuel-Efficient%20Flight&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.go...	\n\t\t\tX\n\t\t\t	True	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fimage-detail%2Fbracing-fuel-efficie...	\n\t\t\tLinkedIn\n\t\t\t	True	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/media-tags/aatt/	Advanced Air Transport Technology	False	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/media-tags/aavp/	Advanced Air Vehicles Program	False	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/media-tags/aeronautics/	Aeronautics	False	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/media-tags/iasp/	Integrated Aviation Systems Program	False	True
9941	https://www.nasa.gov/image-detail/bracing-fuel-efficient-flight-2/	https://www.nasa.gov/media-tags/sfd/	Sustainable Flight Demonstrator	False	True

Example 2

https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/

Code

contextual_links.loc[9938, :]

	url	link	text	nofollow	internal
9938	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	\n\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t	False	True
9938	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	\n\t\t\t\t\tMultimedia\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t	False	True
9938	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	https://x.com/intent/tweet?via=NASA&text=NASA%E2%80%99s%20ICON%20Explores%20the%20Boundary%20Between%20Earth%20and%2...	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t	False	True
9938	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Ficon%2Fnasas-icon-explores-the-boundar...	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t	False	True
9938	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Ficon%2Fnasas-icon-explor...	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t	False	True
9938	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12699	Download this video in HD formats from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center’s Scientific Visualization Studio	False	True
9938	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	https://www.nasa.gov/nasalive	NASA TV	False	True
9938	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	https://www.nasa.gov/content/icon-spacecraft-and-instruments	MIGHTI instrument	False	True
9938	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	https://www.nasa.gov/icon	NASA’s ICON website	False	True
9938	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	http://icon.ssl.berkeley.edu/	UC Berkeley’s ICON website	False	False
9938	https://www.nasa.gov/missions/icon/nasas-icon-explores-the-boundary-between-earth-and-space/	https://www.nasa.gov/goddard	NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center	False	True

Example 3

https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/

Code

contextual_links.loc[1465, :]

	url	link	text	nofollow	internal
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	\n\t\t\t\t\tNews & Events\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	\n\t\t\t\t\tMultimedia\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://x.com/intent/tweet?via=NASA&text=50%20Years%20Ago%3A%20NASA%20Names%20Apollo%2016%20Crew&url=https%3A%2F%2Fw...	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2F50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew%2F	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2F50-years-ago-nasa-names-a...	\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/MattinglyTK/mattinglytk.htm	Thomas K. Mattingly	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.nasa.gov/historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/DukeCM/dukecm.htm	Charles M. Duke	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-10-clears-the-way-for-the-first-moon-landing/	Apollo 10	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-13-and-german-measles/	Apollo 13	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-one-small-step-one-giant-leap/	Apollo 11	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/HaiseFW/haisefw.htm	Fred W. Haise	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/MitchellED/mitchelled.htm	Edgar D. Mitchell	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-houston-weve-had-a-problem/	Apollo 13	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-14-splashdown-and-recovery/	Apollo 14	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/PogueWR/poguewr.htm	William R. Pogue	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/CarrGP/carrgp.htm	Gerald P. Carr	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-preparations-for-apollo-14-15-and-16/	cancelled	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.nasa.gov/history/skylab-americas-first-space-station/	Skylab	False	True
1465	https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-16-crew/	https://www.nasa.gov/history/40-years-ago-space-shuttle-enterprise-rolls-to-the-pad/	Enterprise	False	True